Related books on 'lentivirus'
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publisher: Humana Press, published: 2009-12-21 ASIN: 1607615320 EAN: 9781607615323 sales rank: 2046980 Since the publication of the first edition, lentivirus vector-based technologies, through in vitro and in vivo gene transfer in eukaryotic animal cells, continue to offer the most promising opportunities for curing genetic disorders, as well as cancer and infectious diseases. Lentivirus Gene Engineering Protocols, Second Edition reflects the spectacular progress made in the field with a set of cutting-edge methods contributed by highly respected scientists. Beginning with a thorough overview of the most recent lentivirus developments, the book continues with detailed protocols including sections on the advances in lentiviral vector technology, new lentiviral vector applications, involving transgenic human embryonic stem cells and fetal gene therapy among other topics, as well as the invaluable breakthroughs in LV-mediated expression of microRNAs. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes sections, highlighting tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and timely, Lentivirus Gene Engineering Protocols, Second Edition covers the most relevant issues and techniques of LV-based gene engineering, thus representing a complete theoretical and practical guide for scientists still unfamiliar with LV technologies and those who simply wish to know more about this vital area of study. |
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by: Icon Group International publisher: ICON Group International, Inc., published: 2010-05-14 ASIN: B003N9C2JW Webster's bibliographic and event-based timelines are comprehensive in scope, covering virtually all topics, geographic locations and people. They do so from a linguistic point of view, and in the case of this book, the focus is on "Lentivirus," including when used in literature (e.g. all authors that might have Lentivirus in their name). As such, this book represents the largest compilation of timeline events associated with Lentivirus when it is used in proper noun form. Webster's timelines cover bibliographic citations, patented inventions, as well as non-conventional and alternative meanings which capture ambiguities in usage. These furthermore cover all parts of speech (possessive, institutional usage, geographic usage) and contexts, including pop culture, the arts, social sciences (linguistics, history, geography, economics, sociology, political science), business, computer science, literature, law, medicine, psychology, mathematics, chemistry, physics, biology and other physical sciences. This "data dump" results in a comprehensive set of entries for a bibliographic and/or event-based timeline on the proper name Lentivirus, since editorial decisions to include or exclude events is purely a linguistic process. The resulting entries are used under license or with permission, used under "fair use" conditions, used in agreement with the original authors, or are in the public domain. |
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publisher: Springer, published: 2010-11-23 ASIN: 3642066658 EAN: 9783642066658 sales rank: 5619299 Mammalian and Avian Transgenesis presents a collection of novel methods for the production of a wide range of transgenic animals. The manual focuses largely on mice, but also contains protocols for successful transgenesis in rats, cows, pigs and birds. The manual provides detailed, step-by-step protocols covering all aspects of the production of transgenic animals, including the use of lentiviral vectors in gene transfer, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, nuclear transfer, large insert transgenesis, conditional gene expression systems, the use of reporter genes in transgenesis and transgenesis in large animals and birds. The text is supplemented by superb color photos. While the focus is on newly established techniques, the fundamental methods of transgenesis are also covered for those new to the field. Thus this manual is perfectly suited for those wishing to adopt new technologies in transgenesis. |
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publisher: Springer, published: 2010-11-19 ASIN: 3642067174 EAN: 9783642067174 Chemokines represent a family of over 40 small proteins that, for the most part, are secreted into the environment and function by binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are expressed on numerous different cell types. When initially identified close to 30 years ago, these molecules were associated with various human inflammatory diseases and it was recognized that expression may be integral in leukocyte recruitment to inflamed tissue. Within a relatively short period of time, early participants within the field determined that these proteins displayed distinct and conserved structural features and exerted potent chemotactic effects on defined lymphocyte subsets. There are now four sub-families of chemokines identified based on defined structural criteria relating to the positional location of conserved cysteine residues within the amino-terminus of the protein. Chemokines are now recognized as important in numerous biological processes ranging from maintaining the organizational integrity of secondary lymphoid tissue to participating in various aspects of both innate and adaptive immune responses following microbial infection. |
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by: Sumber: Wikipedia publisher: Books LLC, Wiki Series, published: 2011-09-14 ASIN: 1233911252 EAN: 9781233911257 Sumber: Wikipedia. Halaman: 30. Bab: Virus, Plasmodium, Rabies, Parvovirus, Parasitoid, Cacing kremi, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Lentivirus, Sistiserkosis, Fasciola hepatica, Coccidia, Kutu busuk, Virus papiloma manusia, Virus Hanta, Schystosoma japonicum, Cacing pita babi, Orthomyxoviridae, Virus herpes simpleks, Virus DNA, Virus polio, Sitomegalovirus, Koronavirus, Virus varicella-zoster, Virus mosaik tembakau, Giardia lamblia, Trematoda, Monogenea, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichinella spiralis, Adenoviridae, Naegleria fowleri, Virus Marburg, Nematoda, Cacing pita ikan, Lalat Tsetse, Penyakit sereh, Cacing tambang, Paramyxoviridae, Plasmodium falciparum, Clonorchis, Poxviridae, Naegleria gruberi, Bunyaviridae, Myrmeconema neotropicum, Infectious myonecrosis virus, Babesia, Papilomavirus, Heterodera radicicola, Flavivirus, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Flaviviridae, Plasmodium accipiteris, Cryptosporidium hominis, Gammaherpesvirinae, Plasmodium aegyptensis, Isospora belli, Plasmodium achromaticum, Entamoeba gingivalis, Plasmodium achiotense, Plasmodium alloelongatum, Plasmodium acuminatum, Plasmodium aeuminatum, Plasmodium anomaluri, Plasmodium agamae, Plasmodium arachniformis, Plasmodium atheruri, Plasmodium aurulentum, Plasmodium audaciosum, Plasmodium australis, Plasmodium ashfordi, Plasmodium anasum, Virus JC. Kutipan: Virus adalah parasit berukuran mikroskopik yang menginfeksi sel organisme biologis. Virus bersifat parasit obligat, hal tersebut disebabkan karena virus hanya dapat bereproduksi di dalam material hidup dengan menginvasi dan memanfaatkan sel makhluk hidup karena virus tidak memiliki perlengkapan selular untuk bereproduksi sendiri. Biasanya virus mengandung sejumlah kecil asam nukleat (DNA atau RNA, tetapi tidak kombinasi keduanya) yang diselubungi semacam bahan pelindung yang terdiri atas protein, lipid, glikoprotein, atau kombinasi ketiganya. Genom virus akan diekspresikan menjadi baik protein yang digunakan untuk memuat bahan genetik m... |
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by: Sumber: Wikipedia publisher: Books LLC, Wiki Series, published: 2011-09-14 ASIN: 1233919288 EAN: 9781233919284 Sumber: Wikipedia. Halaman: 26. Bab: Hepatitis, Retrovirus, Rintisan bertopik virus, HIV, Rabies, Hepatitis B, Parvovirus, Lentivirus, Hepatitis C, Feline immunodeficiency virus, Virus papiloma manusia, Virus Hanta, Hepatitis A, Orthomyxoviridae, Virus herpes simpleks, Virus DNA, Virus polio, Sitomegalovirus, Siklus litik, Koronavirus, Virus varicella-zoster, Virus mosaik tembakau, Virus Epstein-Barr, Virus herpes manusia-8, Simian immunodeficiency virus, Adenoviridae, Virus Marburg, Penyakit sereh, Paramyxoviridae, Siklus lisogenik, Poxviridae, Bunyaviridae, Infectious myonecrosis virus, Papilomavirus, Flavivirus, Flaviviridae, Gammaherpesvirinae, Virus JC. Kutipan: Virus adalah parasit berukuran mikroskopik yang menginfeksi sel organisme biologis. Virus bersifat parasit obligat, hal tersebut disebabkan karena virus hanya dapat bereproduksi di dalam material hidup dengan menginvasi dan memanfaatkan sel makhluk hidup karena virus tidak memiliki perlengkapan selular untuk bereproduksi sendiri. Biasanya virus mengandung sejumlah kecil asam nukleat (DNA atau RNA, tetapi tidak kombinasi keduanya) yang diselubungi semacam bahan pelindung yang terdiri atas protein, lipid, glikoprotein, atau kombinasi ketiganya. Genom virus akan diekspresikan menjadi baik protein yang digunakan untuk memuat bahan genetik maupun protein yang dibutuhkan dalam daur hidupnya. Istilah virus biasanya merujuk pada partikel-partikel yang menginfeksi sel-sel eukariota (organisme multisel dan banyak jenis organisme sel tunggal), sementara istilah bakteriofage atau fage digunakan untuk jenis yang menyerang jenis-jenis sel prokariota (bakteri dan organisme lain yang tidak berinti sel). Virus sering diperdebatkan statusnya sebagai makhluk hidup karena ia tidak dapat menjalankan fungsi biologisnya secara bebas jika tidak berada dalam sel inang. Karena karakteristik khasnya ini virus selalu terasosiasi dengan penyakit tertentu, baik pada manusia (misalnya virus influenza dan HIV), hewan (misalnya vir... |
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by: Sally Ruth McIver publisher: ProQuest, UMI Dissertation Publishing, published: 2011-09-03 ASIN: 1243552239 EAN: 9781243552235 Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system and are important for maintaining axon structure and function. Oligodendrocyte injury occurs in several neurological disorders, including ischemia. The main goal of my thesis work was to use viral gene transfer technology to express fluorescent markers selectively in oligodendrocytes for subsequent examination of injury in an in vivo stroke model. Most methods used to identify oligodendrocytes in animal disease models do not distinguish morphological features of myelinating processes. I developed a lentiviral vector (LV) carrying green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the myelin basic protein (MBP) promoter to express GFP specifically in oligodendrocytes. Stereotaxic injections of LV-MBP-eGFP to mouse or rat cerebral white matter resulted in widespread transduction of oligodendrocytes and enhanced visualization of myelin processes. To examine oligodendrocyte response to ischemia, LV-MBP-eGFP was stereotaxically injected into rat white matter. One week post-injection, rats were subjected to reversible cerebral focal ischemia and injury was assessed by counting eGFP+ oligodendrocytes and intact myelin processes. Marked degeneration of myelin processes occurred 24 and 48 hours after stroke, and there was a significant loss of GFP+ cells by 48 hours. One week after stroke, there was a striking restoration of GFP+ oligodendrocytes in ischemic white matter. These results suggest that, while myelin is vulnerable to ischemia, there is potential for recovery. In ischemia, excessive glutamate release causes over-activation of glutamate receptors leading to cell death, or excitotoxicity. To manipulate AMPA-type glutamate receptor function on oligodendrocytes, I used LV-MBP vector to express either mutated or wild-type G1uR4 subunits, tagged with Venus reporter protein. In cultured oligodendrocytes, expression of mutated subunits effectively reduced inward current responses to AMPA, while over-expression using wild-type subunits dramatically increased current responses. Stereotaxic injections of wild-type LV-MBP-G1uR4-Venus to rat white matter revealed fluorescent puncta indicative of discrete localization of AMPA receptors, possibly on oligodendrocyte processes. The availability of viral vectors makes it possible to isolate and manipulate cell-specific responses to injury in experimental models of disease. Collectively, these results provide insight into oligodendrocyte function, and may prove valuable for understanding white matter injury in disease models. |
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by: Mars Redding Stone publisher: ProQuest, UMI Dissertation Publishing, published: 2011-09-30 ASIN: 1244679747 EAN: 9781244679740 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become an important medical and public health issue since the world first became aware of it in the summer of 1981. Heterosexual transmission primarily continues to spread the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic to an estimated 3--4 million people a year and the development of an effective vaccine is the only hope to slow this growing pandemic. However, significant obstacles remain. In the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) rhesus macaque model of HIV infection, attenuated vaccines have consistently provided the most effective protection against systemic and mucosal challenge with pathogenic virus. The mechanisms of immune protection were investigated in our lab by assessment of rhesus macaques immunized with attenuated SHIV 89.6. When challenged with pathogenic SIVmac239, 60% of vaccinees were protected from uncontrolled viral replication. The extent to which challenge virus replication, dissemination and genetic variation determine the outcome of pathogenic challenge and disease progression was investigated. We have shown limited dissemination of SIV beyond the site of inoculation and that uncontrolled replication is due to challenge virus. Also, the role of low level replication and de novo emergence of escape virus in the immunized, unprotected animals with a delayed onset of challenge virus replication was investigated to understand attenuated lentivirus vaccine mediated protection. Viral quasispecies were shown to diversify over time in both the unprotected vaccinees and naive control animals. In fact, no difference in SIVenv diversity or divergence was found between the SHIV vaccinated animals with delayed vaccine breakthrough and SIV control animals. Thus, vaccine failure was due to the emergence of new variants capable of escaping vaccine-mediated protection. We also sought to identify and enumerate transmitted/founder viruses responsible for productive systemic infection in vaginally infected naive animals. Single-genome amplification (SGA) and sequencing of SIV vRNA in plasma of acutely infected rhesus macaques were analyzed phylogenetically to determine the relationship of transmitted/founder viruses within and between each animal and the challenge stock. Between 1 and 10 viruses were responsible for systemic infection, similar to humans infected by sexual contact. These findings recapitulate many of the features of sexual HIV-1 transmission in women. HIV and SIV undergo genetic and biological changes during the course of infection, leading to increased viral diversity that correlates with increased viral load and disease progression. The evolution of the virus population results from direct competition of viral variants, intense immune pressure, and target cell availability. Thus, the fitness of the emerging virus population is determined by the conditions under which viral replication takes place. By characterizing the transmitted/founder populations, and understanding the link between viral replication, sequence diversification, and the role of immune selection pressures in vaccinated and unvaccinated animals, a more complete understanding of the forces at work between virus and host can better inform preventative strategies. |
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by: Hephaestus Books publisher: Hephaestus Books, published: 2011-08-30 ASIN: 124306112X EAN: 9781243061126 Hephaestus Books represents a new publishing paradigm, allowing disparate content sources to be curated into cohesive, relevant, and informative books. To date, this content has been curated from Wikipedia articles and images under Creative Commons licensing, although as Hephaestus Books continues to increase in scope and dimension, more licensed and public domain content is being added. We believe books such as this represent a new and exciting lexicon in the sharing of human knowledge. This particular book is a collaboration focused on Lentiviruses. More info: Lentivirus (lenti-, Latin for "slow") is a genus of slow viruses of the Retroviridae family, characterized by a long incubation period. Lentiviruses can deliver a significant amount of genetic information into the DNA of the host cell and have the unique ability among retroviruses of being able to replicate in non-dividing cells, so they are one of the most efficient methods of a gene delivery vector. HIV, SIV, and FIV are all examples of lentiviruses. |
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publisher: Springer, published: 2003-01-31 ASIN: 0306477025 EAN: 9780306477027 sales rank: 2946273 The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs), in particular HIV-1, are the causative agent responsible for the current worldwide epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A major effort has thus been underway over the past two decades to understand and control this pathogen. During this time, an enormous knowledge base has accumulated regarding the role of viral factors in the HIV-1 life cycle, and the interaction of HIV-1 with the host cell is becoming increasingly understood. Certain features of HIV, for example its ability to infect non-dividing cells, are being exploited in the development of novel gene therapy vehicles. This volume provides an overview of the current information regarding the HIV replication cycle and will serve as an introduction to subsequent chapters that address specific aspects of lentiviral-based gene therapy. |