Related books on 'phenotyping'
Return to life science book listNumber of products: 59
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publisher: Humana Press, published: 2009-09-25 ASIN: 1607612461 EAN: 9781607612469 sales rank: 3568513 As two of the leading causes of death worldwide, heart disease and stroke represent a clear target for genomic research aimed at deciphering the genes and cellular pathways that underlie cardiovascular disease and creating improved therapies. In Cardiovascular Genomics: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field provide methods for cardiovascular phenotyping of rodent models in the first section of the volume and for statistical and bioinformatic integration of phenotype data with genome-wide genotype and expression data in the second section. Understanding these diverse methods will allow an individual laboratory to utilize these genomic methods independently or to better prepare for collaboration with scientists having expertise in other disciplines in order to uncover genes affecting cardiovascular disease. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary equipment, materials, and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and easy-to-use, Cardiovascular Genomics: Methods and Protocols will enable researchers to identify causal genes and novel molecular targets that can lead to vital new treatments for cardiovascular disease. |
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publisher: Humana Press, published: 2011-08-31 ASIN: 1617792187 EAN: 9781617792182 sales rank: 4903365 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging represents a technique that is indispensable in every day biomedical diagnostics. Thanks to the numerous ways to manipulate and detect an NMR signal, it is possible to obtain a variety of information with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. Today’s MRI techniques go far beyond the illustration of pure anatomical structures and include the revealing of processes down to the molecular level. The number of small animal imaging centers relying on MRI as a key method for preclinical research to understand diseases and to test for novel treatments is growing rapidly. In Vivo NMR Imaging: Methods and Protocols is written as an experimental laboratory text to provide a descriptive approach of the various applications of magnetic resonance imaging and its underlying principles. Starting from a compact introduction of basic NMR physics and image encoding techniques suitable for a broad audience in the life sciences, the concept focuses on addressing the many ways of generating contrast in MR images. The authors cover an interdisciplinary range of problems to be addressed by this non-invasive modality, including study protocols for addressing morphological, physiological, functional, and biochemical aspects of various tissues in living organisms. Information about practical aspects of designing experimental studies that follow the special conditions for micro imaging setups are also provided. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, In Vivo NMR Imaging: Methods and Protocols aims to be an experimental compendium of modern in vivo MR imaging with special focus on recent developments in molecular imaging and new protocols for imaging metabolism and molecular markers. |
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by: Moriel H Vandsburger publisher: ProQuest, UMI Dissertation Publishing, published: 2011-09-30 ASIN: 124466295X EAN: 9781244662957 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful and widely used medical imaging modality in clinical practice. When MRI is used to study mice, the roles of individual genes involved in human diseases, ranging from cancers to diabetes and heart disease, can be elucidated using MRI. Typically, when studying the heart with MRI, cardiac MRI (CMR) is used to phenotype genetically altered mice in terms of left ventricular (LV) structure and global function, contractile function, and infarct size and LV remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). However, development of novel CMR methods could also enable measurement of L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) function and myocardial perfusion in the healthy and diseased mouse heart. In this dissertation, the development and applications of a dynamic manganese (Mn)-enhanced CMR method for assessing an index of LTCC function (LTCCI), and an improved arterial spin labeling (ASL) method for measurement of myocardial perfusion are presented. Genetically altered mice have been widely used to study the roles of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in the heart. However, the roles of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in regulating LTCC and contractile functions remain controversial. In addition, the role of nNOS in modulating myocardial perfusion remains uninvestigated. We used CMR methods to phenotype WT, eNOS -/-, and nNOS-/- mice regarding LV structure, baseline function, beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic responsiveness, and perfusion reserve. In order to assess in vivo modulation of LTCC function by nNOS and eNOS, we developed a dynamic Mn-enhanced CMR method to quantify LTCCI in the mouse heart under similar physiological stimulation. At baseline, LTCCI was significantly higher in nNOS-/- mice compared to both eNOS-/- and WT mice. In contrast, basal contractile function was similar in all groups. With dobutamine, nNOS-/- mice demonstrated attenuated inotropic and lusitropic reserves and a flat LTCCI response, while both WT and eNOS -/- mice demonstrated positive LTCCI and contractile responses. In response to beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergie stimulation, LTCCI and contractile function decreased from dobutamine levels in all groups. Perfusion and perfusion reserve with either dobutamine or an adenosine receptor agonist are both normal in nNOS-/- mice compared to WT mice. Our results indicate that nNOS, and not eNOS, plays a dominant role in modulating LTCC and contractile functions at baseline, and during beta-adrenergic stimulation. Experimental myocardial infarction (MI) in mice is an important disease model in part due to the ability to study genetic manipulations. MRI has been used to assess cardiac structural and functional changes after MI in mice, but changes in myocardial perfusion after acute MI have not previously been examined. ASL non-invasively measures perfusion, but is sensitive to respiratory motion and heart rate variability, and is difficult to apply after acute MI in mice. To account for these factors, a cardio-respiratory gated (CRG) ASL sequence using a fuzzy C-means algorithm to retrospectively reconstruct images was developed. Using this method, myocardial perfusion was measured in remote and infarcted regions at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days post-MI. Baseline perfusion was 4.9 +/- 0.5 (ml/g·min) and one day post-MI decreased to 0.9 +/- 0.8 (ml/g·min) in infarcted myocardium (P<0.05 vs. baseline) while remaining at 5.2 +/- 0.8 (ml/g·min) in remote myocardium. During the subsequent 28 days, perfusion in the remote zone remained unchanged, while a partial recovery of perfusion in the infarct zone was seen. This technique, when applied to genetically-engineered mice, will allow |
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publisher: Universiteit Utrecht, published: 2008 ASIN: 9039347271 EAN: 9789039347270 |
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by: Mieke Nuytten publisher: Leuven Univ Pr, published: 2007-07-30 ASIN: 9058676013 EAN: 9789058676016 |
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by: HRAB? DE ANGELI publisher: NY, published: 1980 ASIN: B000N5F3ZO |
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publisher: Humana Press, published: 2012-08-31 ASIN: 1627030700 EAN: 9781627030700 Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) has developed rapidly in the last four decades. As a multidisciplinary area, PNI may provide a scientific basis for mind-body relationships toward the development of personalized and systems medicine. In Psychoneuroimmunology:Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail methods and protocols geared toward the development of integrative and individualized therapeutics in multiple dimensions from drugs to behaviors. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, the chapters include the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results in the laboratory. Thorough and intuitive, Psychoneuroimmunology:Methods and Protocols aids scientists in continuing to study holistic views for the translation of psychoneuroimmunology into better preventive and personalized medical practice. |
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publisher: Springer, published: 2011-04-12 ASIN: 9400707495 EAN: 9789400707498 sales rank: 1761383 Cell culture based research is important for our understanding of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level. Using this approach, the previous decades have produced a wealth of mechanistic information in all areas of biomedical research. Such in vitro research, however, lacks the complexity of in vivo investigations, where many different cell types interact with each other in a normal, three-dimensional environment, with normal levels of cytokines and growth factors. Furthermore, complex human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes or chronic inflammation, can only be modeled in vivo. Due to its small size, its short reproduction time, and the possibility to introduce specific gene mutations, the mouse has become the favourite mammalian model organism to study in vivo function of genes during development and in disease. This book combines review articles on selected subjects presented at the symposium “Mouse as a Model Organism – From Animals to Cells”, held in Rovaniemi, Finland, 2009. Among other topics, high-throughput phenotyping of mouse mutants, mouse phenotypes dependent on nature and nuture, and a spectrum of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro methods to study cancer in mice are described. This book will give an excellent introduction to scientists interested in the use of mice as a model to understand complex biological questions in the post-genomic era. It will highlight the possibilities, but also discuss the current problems and shortcomings, to give a realistic view of the current state-of-art in this fascinating field of biomedical research. |
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publisher: Academic Press, published: 2011-12-30 ASIN: 0123813611 EAN: 9780123813619 sales rank: 213621 Comparative Anatomy and Histology: A Mouse and Human Atlas is aimed at the new mouse investigator as well as medical and veterinary pathologists who need to expand their knowledge base into comparative anatomy and histology. It guides the reader through normal mouse anatomy and histology using direct comparison to the human. The side by side comparison of mouse and human tissues highlight the unique biology of the mouse, which has great impact on the validation of mouse models of human disease.
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by: Sheldon Krimsky publisher: Columbia University Press, published: 2012-04-10 ASIN: 0231145217 EAN: 9780231145213 sales rank: 1305793 National DNA databanks were initially established to catalogue the identities of violent criminals and sex offenders. However, since the mid-1990s, forensic DNA databanks have in some cases expanded to include people merely arrested, regardless of whether they've been charged or convicted of a crime. The public is largely unaware of these changes and the advances that biotechnology and forensic DNA science have made possible. Yet many citizens are beginning to realize that the unfettered collection of DNA profiles might compromise our basic freedoms and rights. Two leading authors on medical ethics, science policy, and civil liberties take a hard look at how the United States has balanced the use of DNA technology, particularly the use of DNA databanks in criminal justice, with the privacy rights of its citizenry. Krimsky and Simoncelli analyze the constitutional, ethical, and sociopolitical implications of expanded DNA collection in the United States and compare these findings to trends in the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Germany, and Italy. They explore many controversial topics, including the legal precedent for taking DNA from juveniles, the search for possible family members of suspects in DNA databases, the launch of "DNA dragnets" among local populations, and the warrantless acquisition by police of so-called abandoned DNA in the search for suspects. Most intriguing, Krimsky and Simoncelli explode the myth that DNA profiling is infallible, which has profound implications for criminal justice. (11/1/2010) |