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Integrated Molecular Evolution

by: Scott Orland Rogers
publisher: CRC Press, published: 2011-07-27
ASIN: 1439819955
EAN: 9781439819951
sales rank: 765518

Molecular evolution, phylogenetics, genomics, and other related topics are all critical to understanding evolutionary processes. All too frequently, however, they are treated separately in textbooks and courses, such that students fail to connect all of the concepts, principles, and nuances of the evolutionary processes. Integrated Molecular Evolution brings these related areas together in one volume, facilitating student comprehension of often difficult concepts.

Incorporating the emerging fields of genomics and bioinformatics with traditional fields such as evolution, genetics, and molecular biology, this volume explores a myriad of topics, including

Life on Earth and the possible origins of life

The evolution of organisms on Earth and the history of the study of evolution

Basic structures of DNA, RNA, proteins, and other biological molecules, and the synthesis of each

Molecular biology and the evolution, structure, and function of ribosomes

DNA replication and the various ways in which chromosomes are separated

Ways in which DNA can be changed to produce mutations, infectious causes of mutation, and repair of DNA

Definitions, evolution, and the importance of multigene families

Phylogenetic analysis and how researchers use the raw sequence data to reconstruct portions of evolutionary processes

Details of the genomes of a variety of organisms, from RNA viruses to eukaryotes, presented in order of complexity

Each chapter ends with a summary of key points, forming an effective review and enabling students to isolate critical material. The series of topics and the masterful integration of these topics lead students to a full understanding of evolution and the component processes that have led to biological evolution on Earth.

Signaling Pathways for Translation: Stress, Calcium, and Rapamycin (Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology)

publisher: Springer, published: 2010-12-10
ASIN: 3642075053
EAN: 9783642075056
sales rank: 4621630
This volume presents the response of the eukaryotic translational apparatus to cellular stress and apoptosis, including kinases activated through both the ERK and stress-activated pathways. It further explores two agents that inhibit protein synthesis, calcium and the immunosuppressant rapamycin. Six chapters written by leading experts in the field provide both new data and comprehensive literature reviews. Both the regulation of initiation and elongation are discussed, and the mechanisms of apoptosis are related to changes in the protein synthesis machinery.

Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology 155

publisher: Springer, published: 2005-12-22
ASIN: 3540281924
EAN: 9783540281924
sales rank: 4692296
Contents S. Rospert, M. Rakwalska and Y. Dubaquié Polypeptide chain termination and stop codon readthrough on eukaryotic ribosomes A.S. Verkman Novel roles of aquaporins revealed by phenotype analysis of knockout mice M.J. Cismowski and S.M. Lanier Activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins independent of a G-protein coupled receptor and the implications for signal processing

Signaling Pathways for Translation: Insulin and Nutrients

publisher: Springer, published: 2001-09-06
ASIN: 3540417095
EAN: 9783540417095
sales rank: 4539588
This book deals with anabolic mechanisms which regulate eukaryotic protein synthesis, with particular emphasis on insulin and amino acids. Six chapters written by leading experts in the field provide both new data and comprehensive literature reviews. The regulation of both the eIF2 and eIF4 groups of initiation factors by signal transduction mechanisms is presented, and translation is related to cellular growth in response to nutrient and hormonal signals.

RNA-Protein Interaction Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology)

publisher: Humana Press, published: 2010-11-19
ASIN: 1617375551
EAN: 9781617375552
sales rank: 1906452
Due to the vital biological importance of RNA and proteins functioning together within a cell, a protocol volume describing experimental procedures to study their interactions should find a home in many laboratories. RNA-Protein Interaction Protocols, Second Edition updates, complements, and expands upon the popular first edition by providing a collection of cutting-edge techniques developed or refined in the past few years along with tried-and-true methods. The expert contributors explore the isolation and characterization of RNA-protein complexes, the analysis and measurement of RNA-protein interaction, and related novel techniques and strategies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, the chapters include brief introductions to the material, lists of necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and a Notes section which highlights tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and up-to-date, RNA-Protein Interaction Protocols, Second Edition is an ideal guide for researchers continuing the study of this all-important biological partnership.

The Translational Apparatus of Photosynthetic Organelles (NATO ASI Series / Cell Biology)

publisher: Springer, published: 1991-08-05
ASIN: 3540517790
EAN: 9783540517795
For those working and interested in the field of chloroplast ribosomes, an ideal overview is provided by this text. Topics covered include: Plastid rRNAs and tRNAs; Structure, Organization and Expression of Their Genes; Plastid Ribosomal Proteins and Their Genes in Higher Plants; Plastid Ribosomes and Factors of Algae and of Cyanelles; Functional Aspects; Physiological Aspects. Stressed is the fact that biosynthesis and function of the translational apparatus relies upon two separate genetic systems and thus produce particular regulatory problems with fundamental significance. The evolutionary kinship of chloroplast and prokaryotic ribosomes is described as are some differences between them.

Transcription of Ribosomal RNA Genes by Eukaryotic RNA Polymerase I (Biotechnology Intelligence Unit)

publisher: Springer, published: 1998-11-13
ASIN: 3540643656
EAN: 9783540643654
sales rank: 8874490
The mechanism by which ribosomal RNA is synthesized has been a topic of intensive research for nearly 30 years. In 1981 the first in vitro transcription system for ribosomal RNA from a eukaryote - mouse ascites cells - was reported, followed rapidly by similar systems in a variety of other eukaryotes, all revealed by a relatively small number of research groups. This monograph is the first to bring together the results and opinions of all these groups. Though it unavoidably emphasizes the common features of ribosomal RNA transcription between species, the species specificity of the process and nucleolar dominance and its possible mechanism(s) are also discussed.

Toxic Plant Proteins (Plant Cell Monographs)

publisher: Springer, published: 2010-06-16
ASIN: 3642121756
EAN: 9783642121753
sales rank: 4891496
Many plants produce enzymes collectively known as ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs). RIPs catalyze the removal of an adenine residue from a conserved loop in the large ribosomal RNA. The adenine residue removed by this depurination is crucial for the binding of elongation factors. Ribosomes modified in this way are no longer able to carry out protein synthesis. Most RIPs exist as single polypeptides (Type 1 RIPs) which are largely non-toxic to mammalian cells because they are unable to enter them and thus cannot reach their ribosomal substrate. In some instances, however, the RIP forms part of a heterodimer where its partner polypeptide is a lectin (Type 2 RIPs). These heterodimeric RIPs are able to bind to and enter mammalian cells. Their ability to reach and modify ribosomes in target cells means these proteins are some of the most potently cytotoxic poisons found in nature, and are widely assumed to play a protective role as part of the host plant’s defenses. RIPs are able to further damage target cells by inducing apoptosis. In addition, certain plants produce lectins lacking an RIP component but which are also cytotoxic. This book focuses on the structure/function and some potential applications of these toxic plant proteins.

Structure and Expression: From Proteins to Ribosomes

by: M. H. Sarma
publisher: Adenine Pr, published: 1988-03
ASIN: 0940030217
EAN: 9780940030213

T bào hc: Chu k t bào, Kháng th, Lão hóa, Nguyên phân, Gene sinh ung, Ribosome, Nhân t bào, Màng t bào, Lp lipid kép, Sinh hc phân t (Vietnamese Edition)

by: Ngun: Wikipedia
publisher: Books LLC, Wiki Series, published: 2011-09-14
ASIN: 1233885197
EAN: 9781233885190
Nguồn: Wikipedia. Các trang: 27. Chương: Chu kỳ tế bào, Kháng thể, Lão hóa, Nguyên phân, Gene sinh ung, Ribosome, Nhân tế bào, Màng tế bào, Lớp lipid kép, Sinh học phân tử, Tế bào nội mô, Tế bào chất, Trung thể, Gen đè nén bướu, Murein, Phân bào, Tế bào thực vật, Ưu trương, Nhược trương, Đẳng trương, Màng sợi cơ. Trích: Chu kỳ tế bào, hay chu kỳ phân bào, là một vòng tuần hoàn các sự kiện xảy ra trong một tế bào từ lần phân bào này cho đến lần kế tiếp, trong đó bộ máy di truyền và các thành phần của tế bào được nhân đôi và sau đó tế bào phân chia làm hai tế bào con. Ở các sinh vật đơn bào (nấm men, vi khuẩn,...) một cá thể sau khi trải qua chu kỳ phân bào tạo ra hai cá thể mới; còn ở các sinh vật đa bào thì chu kỳ tế bào là một quá trình tối quan trọng để một hợp tử phát triển thành một cơ thể hoàn chỉnh và để cơ thể bổ sung số lượng tế bào thay cho số đã chết. Trong các tế bào nhân sơ, chu kỳ tế bào trải qua một quá trình mang tên là trực phân. Trong các tế bào nhân chuẩn chu kỳ tế bào bao gồm hai giai đoạn: giai đoạn thứ nhất kỳ trung gian lúc tế bào phát triển, tích lũy vật chất và nhân đôi ADN; giai đoạn thứ hai là nguyên phân (mitosis - M), lúc này tế bào thực thi quá trình phân chia thành hai tế bào con. Nhìn chung, chi tiết của chu trình tế bào thay đổi tùy loại tế bào và tùy sinh vật, tuy nhiên chúng có cùng những điểm chung nhất định và có cùng mục tiêu là truyền đạt lại toàn bộ và chính xác thông tin di truyền của chúng cho các tế bào con. Chính vì vậy bộ ADN của tế bào mẹ phải được nhân đôi một cách chính xác và phải được chia đồng đều cho các tế bào con để mỗi tế bào con đều nhận được bộ ADN y hệt tế bào mẹ. Chu trình tế bào có thể được chia thành các pha sau: G1, S , G2 phase (các pha G1, S, G2 được gộp lại thành kỳ trung gian) và pha nguyên phân hay pha M . Bản thân pha M bao gồm hai quá trình liên quan chặt chẽ với nhau: quá trình nguyên phân trong đó nhiễm sắc thể của tế bào mẹ được chia tách ra làm hai phần bằng nhau, và quá trình phân chia tế b...

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	Integrated Molecular Evolution by: Scott Orland Rogers publisher: CRC Press, published: 2011-07-27 ASIN: 1439819955 EAN: 9781439819951 sales rank: 765518 Molecular evolution, phylogenetics, genomics, and other related topics are all critical to understanding evolutionary processes. All too frequently, however, they are treated separately in textbooks and courses, such that students fail to connect all of the concepts, principles, and nuances of the evolutionary processes. Integrated Molecular Evolution brings these related areas together in one volume, facilitating student comprehension of often difficult concepts. Incorporating the emerging fields of genomics and bioinformatics with traditional fields such as evolution, genetics, and molecular biology, this volume explores a myriad of topics, including Life on Earth and the possible origins of life The evolution of organisms on Earth and the history of the study of evolution Basic structures of DNA, RNA, proteins, and other biological molecules, and the synthesis of each Molecular biology and the evolution, structure, and function of ribosomes DNA replication and the various ways in which chromosomes are separated Ways in which DNA can be changed to produce mutations, infectious causes of mutation, and repair of DNA Definitions, evolution, and the importance of multigene families Phylogenetic analysis and how researchers use the raw sequence data to reconstruct portions of evolutionary processes Details of the genomes of a variety of organisms, from RNA viruses to eukaryotes, presented in order of complexity Each chapter ends with a summary of key points, forming an effective review and enabling students to isolate critical material. The series of topics and the masterful integration of these topics lead students to a full understanding of evolution and the component processes that have led to biological evolution on Earth.
	Signaling Pathways for Translation: Stress, Calcium, and Rapamycin (Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology) publisher: Springer, published: 2010-12-10 ASIN: 3642075053 EAN: 9783642075056 sales rank: 4621630 This volume presents the response of the eukaryotic translational apparatus to cellular stress and apoptosis, including kinases activated through both the ERK and stress-activated pathways. It further explores two agents that inhibit protein synthesis, calcium and the immunosuppressant rapamycin. Six chapters written by leading experts in the field provide both new data and comprehensive literature reviews. Both the regulation of initiation and elongation are discussed, and the mechanisms of apoptosis are related to changes in the protein synthesis machinery.
	Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology 155 publisher: Springer, published: 2005-12-22 ASIN: 3540281924 EAN: 9783540281924 sales rank: 4692296 Contents S. Rospert, M. Rakwalska and Y. Dubaquié Polypeptide chain termination and stop codon readthrough on eukaryotic ribosomes A.S. Verkman Novel roles of aquaporins revealed by phenotype analysis of knockout mice M.J. Cismowski and S.M. Lanier Activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins independent of a G-protein coupled receptor and the implications for signal processing
	Signaling Pathways for Translation: Insulin and Nutrients publisher: Springer, published: 2001-09-06 ASIN: 3540417095 EAN: 9783540417095 sales rank: 4539588 This book deals with anabolic mechanisms which regulate eukaryotic protein synthesis, with particular emphasis on insulin and amino acids. Six chapters written by leading experts in the field provide both new data and comprehensive literature reviews. The regulation of both the eIF2 and eIF4 groups of initiation factors by signal transduction mechanisms is presented, and translation is related to cellular growth in response to nutrient and hormonal signals.
	RNA-Protein Interaction Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology) publisher: Humana Press, published: 2010-11-19 ASIN: 1617375551 EAN: 9781617375552 sales rank: 1906452 Due to the vital biological importance of RNA and proteins functioning together within a cell, a protocol volume describing experimental procedures to study their interactions should find a home in many laboratories. RNA-Protein Interaction Protocols, Second Edition updates, complements, and expands upon the popular first edition by providing a collection of cutting-edge techniques developed or refined in the past few years along with tried-and-true methods. The expert contributors explore the isolation and characterization of RNA-protein complexes, the analysis and measurement of RNA-protein interaction, and related novel techniques and strategies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, the chapters include brief introductions to the material, lists of necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and a Notes section which highlights tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and up-to-date, RNA-Protein Interaction Protocols, Second Edition is an ideal guide for researchers continuing the study of this all-important biological partnership.
	The Translational Apparatus of Photosynthetic Organelles (NATO ASI Series / Cell Biology) publisher: Springer, published: 1991-08-05 ASIN: 3540517790 EAN: 9783540517795 For those working and interested in the field of chloroplast ribosomes, an ideal overview is provided by this text. Topics covered include: Plastid rRNAs and tRNAs; Structure, Organization and Expression of Their Genes; Plastid Ribosomal Proteins and Their Genes in Higher Plants; Plastid Ribosomes and Factors of Algae and of Cyanelles; Functional Aspects; Physiological Aspects. Stressed is the fact that biosynthesis and function of the translational apparatus relies upon two separate genetic systems and thus produce particular regulatory problems with fundamental significance. The evolutionary kinship of chloroplast and prokaryotic ribosomes is described as are some differences between them.
	Transcription of Ribosomal RNA Genes by Eukaryotic RNA Polymerase I (Biotechnology Intelligence Unit) publisher: Springer, published: 1998-11-13 ASIN: 3540643656 EAN: 9783540643654 sales rank: 8874490 The mechanism by which ribosomal RNA is synthesized has been a topic of intensive research for nearly 30 years. In 1981 the first in vitro transcription system for ribosomal RNA from a eukaryote - mouse ascites cells - was reported, followed rapidly by similar systems in a variety of other eukaryotes, all revealed by a relatively small number of research groups. This monograph is the first to bring together the results and opinions of all these groups. Though it unavoidably emphasizes the common features of ribosomal RNA transcription between species, the species specificity of the process and nucleolar dominance and its possible mechanism(s) are also discussed.
	Toxic Plant Proteins (Plant Cell Monographs) publisher: Springer, published: 2010-06-16 ASIN: 3642121756 EAN: 9783642121753 sales rank: 4891496 Many plants produce enzymes collectively known as ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs). RIPs catalyze the removal of an adenine residue from a conserved loop in the large ribosomal RNA. The adenine residue removed by this depurination is crucial for the binding of elongation factors. Ribosomes modified in this way are no longer able to carry out protein synthesis. Most RIPs exist as single polypeptides (Type 1 RIPs) which are largely non-toxic to mammalian cells because they are unable to enter them and thus cannot reach their ribosomal substrate. In some instances, however, the RIP forms part of a heterodimer where its partner polypeptide is a lectin (Type 2 RIPs). These heterodimeric RIPs are able to bind to and enter mammalian cells. Their ability to reach and modify ribosomes in target cells means these proteins are some of the most potently cytotoxic poisons found in nature, and are widely assumed to play a protective role as part of the host plant’s defenses. RIPs are able to further damage target cells by inducing apoptosis. In addition, certain plants produce lectins lacking an RIP component but which are also cytotoxic. This book focuses on the structure/function and some potential applications of these toxic plant proteins.
	Structure and Expression: From Proteins to Ribosomes by: M. H. Sarma publisher: Adenine Pr, published: 1988-03 ASIN: 0940030217 EAN: 9780940030213
	T bào hc: Chu k t bào, Kháng th, Lão hóa, Nguyên phân, Gene sinh ung, Ribosome, Nhân t bào, Màng t bào, Lp lipid kép, Sinh hc phân t (Vietnamese Edition) by: Ngun: Wikipedia publisher: Books LLC, Wiki Series, published: 2011-09-14 ASIN: 1233885197 EAN: 9781233885190 Nguồn: Wikipedia. Các trang: 27. Chương: Chu kỳ tế bào, Kháng thể, Lão hóa, Nguyên phân, Gene sinh ung, Ribosome, Nhân tế bào, Màng tế bào, Lớp lipid kép, Sinh học phân tử, Tế bào nội mô, Tế bào chất, Trung thể, Gen đè nén bướu, Murein, Phân bào, Tế bào thực vật, Ưu trương, Nhược trương, Đẳng trương, Màng sợi cơ. Trích: Chu kỳ tế bào, hay chu kỳ phân bào, là một vòng tuần hoàn các sự kiện xảy ra trong một tế bào từ lần phân bào này cho đến lần kế tiếp, trong đó bộ máy di truyền và các thành phần của tế bào được nhân đôi và sau đó tế bào phân chia làm hai tế bào con. Ở các sinh vật đơn bào (nấm men, vi khuẩn,...) một cá thể sau khi trải qua chu kỳ phân bào tạo ra hai cá thể mới; còn ở các sinh vật đa bào thì chu kỳ tế bào là một quá trình tối quan trọng để một hợp tử phát triển thành một cơ thể hoàn chỉnh và để cơ thể bổ sung số lượng tế bào thay cho số đã chết. Trong các tế bào nhân sơ, chu kỳ tế bào trải qua một quá trình mang tên là trực phân. Trong các tế bào nhân chuẩn chu kỳ tế bào bao gồm hai giai đoạn: giai đoạn thứ nhất kỳ trung gian lúc tế bào phát triển, tích lũy vật chất và nhân đôi ADN; giai đoạn thứ hai là nguyên phân (mitosis - M), lúc này tế bào thực thi quá trình phân chia thành hai tế bào con. Nhìn chung, chi tiết của chu trình tế bào thay đổi tùy loại tế bào và tùy sinh vật, tuy nhiên chúng có cùng những điểm chung nhất định và có cùng mục tiêu là truyền đạt lại toàn bộ và chính xác thông tin di truyền của chúng cho các tế bào con. Chính vì vậy bộ ADN của tế bào mẹ phải được nhân đôi một cách chính xác và phải được chia đồng đều cho các tế bào con để mỗi tế bào con đều nhận được bộ ADN y hệt tế bào mẹ. Chu trình tế bào có thể được chia thành các pha sau: G1, S , G2 phase (các pha G1, S, G2 được gộp lại thành kỳ trung gian) và pha nguyên phân hay pha M . Bản thân pha M bao gồm hai quá trình liên quan chặt chẽ với nhau: quá trình nguyên phân trong đó nhiễm sắc thể của tế bào mẹ được chia tách ra làm hai phần bằng nhau, và quá trình phân chia tế b...