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The premier online source for science news since 1996. A service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
- Dormant stem cells for emergencies(Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres) A small group of stem cells in the bone marrow remains dormant almost throughout life. Only in case of injury or blood loss do they awaken and become active. Then they start dividing immediately to make up for the loss of blood cells. The possibility of specifically waking up these dormant stem cells opens up new prospects for cancer treatment.
- Mayo Clinic identifies best treatments for long-term survival in brain tumor patients(Mayo Clinic) A new Mayo Clinic study found that patients with low-grade gliomas survived longest when they underwent aggressive surgeries to successfully remove the entire tumor. If safely removing the entire tumor was not possible, patients survived significantly longer when surgery was followed by radiation therapy. This study is available online as an advance publication in Neuro-Oncology.
- Researchers discover new enzyme in cancer growth(University of Oklahoma) Researchers at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center discovered a new enzyme that not only affects the blood, but seems to play a primary role in how cancer tumors expand and spread throughout the body.
- Cellular senescence a double-edged sword(DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) Scientists have shown that cellular senescence, the process by which biological cells stop dividing in response to stress or damage to their DNA, triggers the secretion of proteins that cause inflammation in neighboring cells and tissue. Inflammation is linked to almost every major disease associated with aging, including many cancers.
- New approaches to protecting transplanted organs make first steps toward patients(Medical College of Georgia) Methods used by the body to selectively suppress the immune response may help make organ transplants safer and more effective, according to scientists."If you like, what we are trying to do is make every tissue transplant much more like a fetus," said Dr. Andrew L. Mellor, director of the Medical College of Georgia Immunotherapy Center and Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar in Molecular Immunogenetics.
- International study supports new standard of treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer(Fox Chase Cancer Center) Results of a phase III, international randomized clinical trial demonstrate a new standard of care for treating advanced ovarian cancer that significantly reduces side-effects and post-operative deaths compared to the previously established treatment course. The study, presented at the 12th Biennial Meeting of the International Gynecologic Cancer Society in Bangkok in October, has a major impact on many countries where the new standard represents a more practical course of treatment.
- Novel bioreactor enhances interleukin-12 production in genetically-modified tobacco plants(Worcester Polytechnic Institute) In a study published in the journal Biotechnology and Bioengineering, a team of scientists at Worcester Polytechnic Institute and the Arkansas Bioscience Institute at Arkansas State University report that they have found a way to produce significant quantities of murine interleukin-12, a naturally occurring protein essential for the proper functioning of the human immune system, from the hairy roots of genetically-modified tobacco plants by growing them in a novel mist bioreactor system.
- Genetic breakdown in Fanconi anemia may have link to HPV-associated cancer(Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center) A genetic malfunction that causes DNA instability in people with the blood disorder Fanconi anemia may put them at high risk for squamous cell carcinomas linked to human papillomavirus, according to a study posted online ahead of print by Oncogene. Researchers led by Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center report breakdown of a cell signaling pathway for the FA gene complex triggers cellular abnormalities, when then are made worse by HPV cancer genes in skin cells.
- Adult survivors of childhood leukemia have lower bone mineral density, study finds(University of Michigan Health System) Men who survived childhood leukemia treatment into adulthood were more likely to have low bone mineral density than other adults their age, putting them at risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures, according to a new study.
- Prostate cancer drug reduces testosterone levels in as little as 3 days(Wiley-Blackwell) Men who took degarelix for prostate cancer saw their testosterone and PSA levels drop in as little as three days. An important feature of the drug is that it does not cause the initial increase in testosterone levels seen in other drugs. This means fewer unpleasant side effects and extra drugs for patients and less chance of the cancer cells being stimulated.
- UCLA scientists prove endothelial cells give rise to blood stem cells(University of California - Los Angeles) Stem cell researchers at UCLA have proven definitively that blood stem cells are made during mid-gestational embryonic development by endothelial cells, the cells that line the inside of blood vessels.
- Novel basis identified for tamoxifen failure(BioMed Central) Tamoxifen may worsen breast cancer in a small subset of patients. Research published in BioMed Central's open access journal Breast Cancer Research suggests that in patients who show reduced or absent expression of the protein E-cadherin, commonly used anti-estrogen drugs such as tamoxifen may promote more harmful cancer cell behavior.
- U-M scientists probe limits of 'cancer stem-cell model'(University of Michigan) One of the most promising new ideas about the causes of cancer, known as the cancer stem-cell model, must be reassessed because it is based largely on evidence from a laboratory test that is surprisingly flawed when applied to some cancers, University of Michigan researchers have concluded.
- New breast imaging technology targets hard-to-detect cancers(Radiological Society of North America) Breast-specific gamma imaging is effective in the detection of cancers not found on mammograms or by clinical exam.
- Broccoli compound targets key enzyme in late-stage cancer(University of California - Berkeley) Broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables have long been known to have anti-cancer benefits, and UC Berkeley researchers have now found out why. One well-known anti-cancer chemical in broccoli, indole-3-carbinol, was found to inhibit the enzyme elastase, which is found at high levels in late-stage breast and prostate cancers. The discovery of this target will help to design better anti-cancer drugs and to target treatment to specific types of cancer, including late-stage breast and prostate cancers.
- Einstein researchers develop technique to count messages made by single genes(Albert Einstein College of Medicine) Researchers from Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University describe a technique for looking more precisely at a fundamental step of a cell's life: a gene, DNA, being read into a message, mRNA. The technique could provide a window into the process by which genes are switched on inappropriately, causing disease.
- Drop in cancer deaths tied primarily to gains in behavior and screening(Harvard University) Behavior change and improvements in screening have contributed equally and substantially to the 13 percent decline in cancer mortality rates, according to new research from David Cutler, an economist at Harvard University. Cancer treatment after diagnosis has also contributed to the decline, although this is less of a factor than behavioral changes and screening.
- Gene which protects against lung cancer identified(University of Nottingham) A study led by researchers at the University of Nottingham has identified a gene that protects the body from lung cancer.
- HER2 levels may aid in treatment selection for metastatic breast cancer(American Association for Cancer Research) Findings published in the Dec. 1, 2008, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, show lapatinib benefits women with HER2-positive breast cancer, while women with HER2-negative breast cancer or those who express EGRF alone derive no incremental benefit. In addition, a misclassification of metastatic breast cancer patients by as much as 10 percent prevents some people from receiving optimal therapy.
- Radiological Society of North America research: Cancer risk from cardiac CT overstated(Medical University of South Carolina) Radiology and cardiovascular researchers from the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, SC, today present new data that shows the risk of cancer from exposure to radiation during computed tomography for cardiovascular disease has been overstated and that new estimates are several times lower than previously published conclusions.
- Preoperative radiation may improve survival rates in advanced rectal cancer patients(Geisinger Health System) A new Geisinger study shows that preoperative treatment for rectal cancer shouldn't be a "one sized fits all approach." After reviewing nine recent studies, investigators concluded that physicians need to consider a variety of factors such as tumor size, cancer stage and patient preference before deciding on the course of preoperative treatment.
- New mammography technology effective in detecting breast cancer(Radiological Society of North America) A study has found that positron emission mammography, a new technique for imaging the breast, is not affected by either breast density or a woman's hormonal status, two factors that limit the effectiveness of standard mammography and MRI at detecting cancer.
- CT colonography offers 1-stop screening for cancer and osteoporosis(Radiological Society of North America) New research reveals that computed tomography colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, has the potential to screen for two diseases at once -- colorectal cancer and osteoporosis, both of which commonly affect adults over age 50.
- Stanford blood scanner detects even faint indicators of cancer(Stanford University) A team led by Stanford researchers has developed a prototype blood scanner that can find cancer markers in the bloodstream in early stages of the disease, potentially allowing for earlier treatment and dramatically improved chances of survival.The system based on MagArray biodetection chips can find cancer-associated proteins in a blood serum sample in less than an hour, and with much greater sensitivity than existing commercial devices.
- Delays in radiation therapy lead to increased breast cancer recurrence(New York- Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medical College) A new analysis of the National Cancer Institute's cancer registry has found that as many as one in five older women experience delayed or incomplete radiation treatment following breast-conserving surgery and that this suboptimal care can lead to worse outcomes.
The premier online source for science news since 1996. A service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
- Bonefish census reveals population holding steady(University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science) If you're looking for bonefish from Miami down to the Marquesas , you have about 321,000 to choose from -- that is down slightly from the average of previous censuses. According to UM Rosenstiel School's Dr. Jerry Ault, co-founder of the census, statistically there is no significant difference year over year, which can be attributed to a variety of factors. This year 64 professional fishing guides, scientists and graduate students covered 1,575 square miles in the census of the Keys.
- GEN reports growing focus on PI3-kinase pathway in cancer research(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News) Researchers are taking a closer look at the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway as studies continue to demonstrate that inhibiting this biological route suppresses tumor growth, reports Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. The pathway is involved in angiogenesis, cell growth, differentiation and survival.
- A little wine boosts omega-3 in the body: Researchers find a novel mechanism for a healthier heart(Catholic University) Moderate alcohol intake is associated with higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in plasma and red blood cells. This is the major finding of the European study IMMIDIET that will be published in the January issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. The study suggests that wine does better than other alcoholic drinks. This effect could be ascribed to compounds other than alcohol itself, representing a key to understand the mechanism lying behind the heart protection observed in moderate wine drinkers.
- Vitamin E shows possible promise in easing chronic inflammation(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Illinois researchers have found that vitamin E shows promise in easing inflammation.
- Apple or pear shape is not main culprit to heart woes -- it's liver fat(Washington University School of Medicine) Pear-shaped people who carry weight in the thighs and backside have been told for years they are at lower risk for high blood pressure and heart disease than apple-shaped people who carry fat in the abdomen. But in two studies, School of Medicine researchers report that body shape isn't the only marker of risk. Excess liver fat appears to be the key to insulin resistance, cholesterol abnormalities and other problems that contribute to diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
- Springer to publish Fisheries Science as of 2009(Springer) Fisheries Science will be published by Springer as of January 2009. The official journal of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science, previously published by Wiley-Blackwell, is respected internationally for the publication of basic and applied research articles in a broad range of subject areas relevant to fisheries science.
- Tropical forest carbon monitoring gets big boost(Carnegie Institution) A new and improved tool to monitor deforestation and degradation in tropical forests has just gotten a huge boost. The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation has awarded the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology with a $1.6-million grant to expand and improve the Carnegie Landsat Analysis System Lite. The technology will rapidly advance deforestation and degradation mapping in Latin America and will help even the smallest governments and non-governmental organizations better monitor carbon budgets.
- Myth about 'dirty old men' supported by science(Swedish Research Council) Research in the theory of evolution includes a number of accepted theories about how men and women choose their partners. Among the more established ones is that men place more emphasis on attractive appearance, whereas resources and social status are more important to women.By examining lonely hearts advertisements, researchers at the University of Gothenburg and the University of Oxford have now tested how valid these presumed preferences are when modern individuals choose partners.
- September 2007 Sumatran earthquakes research findings(Nanyang Technological University) Three great earthquakes and destructive tsunamis over the past four years is not enough to spare the region of another large earthquake, warns an international group of earthquake researchers in their paper published in the Dec. 4 issue of the journal Nature.
- Red alert! How disease disables tomato plant's 'intruder alarm'(Imperial College London) How a bacterium overcomes a tomato plant's defenses and causes disease,by sneakily disabling the plant's intruder detection systems, isrevealed in new research out today in Current Biology.
- Researchers find new genetic target for sickle cell disease therapy(NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute) Researchers have identified a gene that directly affects the production of a form of hemoglobin that is instrumental in modifying the severity of the inherited blood disorders sickle cell disease and thalassemia. The discovery could lead to breakthrough therapies for sickle cell disease and thalassemia, which could potentially eliminate the devastating and life-threatening complications of these diseases, such as severe pain, damage to the eyes and other organs, infections, and stroke.
- Study offers insights about development of the human immune system(University of California - San Francisco) A UCSF study has found that a surprisingly high number of maternal cells enters the fetus during pregnancy, prompting the generation of special immune cells in the fetus that suppress a response against the mother.
- Researchers gain new insight on wonder of cell division(University of Oregon) Biologists have discovered a mechanism that is critical to cytokinesis -- nature's completion of mitosis, where a cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Researchers opened a new window on the assembly and activity of a ring of actin and myosin filaments that contract to pinch a cell at just the right time.
- Research on understanding DNA segregation(American Association for the Advancement of Science) For his research of DNA segregation, assembly and regulation of bacterial actin-like proteins, and cytoskeleton, Ethan Clark Garner, a regional winner from North America, has been named the Grand Prize winner for the GE & Science Prize for Young Life Scientists. The competition, which includes a grand-prize award of $25,000, is supported by GE Healthcare and the journal Science, which is published by AAAS, the nonprofit science society.
- Past religious diversity and intolerance have profound impact on genetics of Iberian people(Cell Press) New research suggests that relatively recent events had a substantial impact on patterns of genetic diversity in the southwest region of Europe. The study, published by Cell Press on Dec. 4th in the American Journal of Human Genetics, shows that geographical patterns of ancestry appear to have been influenced by religious conversions of both Jews and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula.
- Extraordinary immune cells may hold the key to managing HIV(Cell Press) People who manage to control HIV on their own are providing scientists with valuable information about how the immune system eliminates virus-infected cells. A new study, published in the Dec. 4th issue of Immunity, a Cell Press publication, identifies specific characteristics of the immune cells that successfully destroy HIV-infected cells and may drive strategies for developing the next generation of HIV vaccines and therapies.
- Scientists film inner workings of the immune system(Research Australia) Forget what's number one at the box office this week. The most exciting new film features the intricate workings of the body, filmed by scientists using ground-breaking technology.
- Researchers examine role of soil patterns in dam restoration(University of Wisconsin-Madison) Looking at the site today, it's easy to forget that a dam and pond stood for 43 years on the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Franbrook Farm Research Station in southwestern Wisconsin. All traces of the structure are gone and acres of plants, both native and weedy, now carpet the floor of the former basin.
- 'World Energy Outlook' to be presented at Rice University Dec. 9(Rice University) Richard H. Jones, deputy executive director of the International Energy Agency, will present the "World Energy Outlook 2008" Dec. 9 at Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy.
- Rooted plants move mysteriously down greenways, scientists say(University of Florida) The wild pea pod is big and heavy, with seemingly little prayer of escaping the shade of its parent plant.
- Forest inventories in Oregon include more than trees(USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station) The first five-year forest inventory report for Oregon's private and public lands is now available to the public: Oregon's Forest Resources, 2001-2005: Five-Year Forest Inventory and Analysis Report.
- Researchers discover new enzyme in cancer growth(University of Oklahoma) Researchers at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center discovered a new enzyme that not only affects the blood, but seems to play a primary role in how cancer tumors expand and spread throughout the body.
- Forest inventories in California include more than trees(USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station) The first five-year forest inventory report for California's private and public lands is now available to the public: California's Forest Resources, 2001-2005: Five-Year Forest Inventory and Analysis Report.
- Expeditions reveal gulf of California's deep sea secrets, as well as human imprints(University of California - San Diego) A submersible voyage was the first to study the biodiversity of the gulf's undersea mountain habitats far below the reach of scuba.
- Golf course: Playing fields, wildlife sanctuaries or both(University of Missouri-Columbia) Semlitsch and Mark Mackey, a graduate student at MU, are examining the effect of golf courses on salamander populations. Working with 10 golf courses in North Carolina, Semlitsch and Mackey are measuring stream salamanders' abundance and diversity in order to make biologically relevant management suggestions for golf course superintendents. The researchers are hoping to balance human recreation with the protection of wildlife.
The premier online source for science news since 1996. A service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
- Professor, former student share prestigious award for problem-solving theory(Virginia Tech) A Virginia Tech professor and his former student won the INFORMS prize for the best contribution to operations research and the management sciences for developing a mathematical methodology called the "Reformulation-Linearization Technique." The theory can be used to reformulate a difficult problem through a mathematical transformation that makes previously difficult, unapproachable problems easier to solve.
- Coerced medication used in psychiatric care despite lack of clinical evidence(Wiley-Blackwell) More needs to be done to establish sound clinical evidence for the use of coerced medication in inpatient psychiatric care, together with viable alternatives. Researchers looked at studies from seven countries -- the USA, Canada, UK, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Germany -- published since 1987 and expressed concern at the lack of clinical evidence for this "contentious" procedure.
- Largest study of fertility patients shows concerns about embryo disposition(Duke University Medical Center) Fertility patients who are done having children feel responsible for the stored, frozen embryos left over from their treatment, yet more than half are against implanting the embryos in anyone else, according to a new study by researchers at Duke University Medical Center.
- 'World Energy Outlook' to be presented at Rice University Dec. 9(Rice University) Richard H. Jones, deputy executive director of the International Energy Agency, will present the "World Energy Outlook 2008" Dec. 9 at Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy.
- RIT professor recommends tougher computer security measures to beat hackers(Rochester Institute of Technology) Hackers beware. A Rochester Institute of Technology professor knows how to thwart sophisticated and determined intruders from stealing personal and corporate information. His secret? Anchor your online activities to the physical world. RIT scientist and entrepreneur Roger Dube takes a close look at user authentication and computer security in his recently published book "Hardware-Based Computer Security Techniques to Defeat Hackers: From Biometrics to Quantum Cryptography."
- EPA's risk assessment process bogged down by unprecedented challenges;(National Academy of Sciences) The US Environmental Protection Agency's process of generating risk assessments -- which estimate the potential adverse effects posed by harmful chemicals found in the environment in order to protect public health.
- Juries not as racially diverse as the communities from which they are drawn(Wiley-Blackwell) Results reveal that there is a wide range of factors that conspire to prevent juries from being as racially diverse as the communities they represent.
- New HIV film tackles stigma faced by teachers in Africa(Imperial College London) Addressing the discrimination against HIV-positive teachers in Africa is a key aim of a new documentary and accompanying book being launched in Senegal today by the Partnership for Child Development based at Imperial College London.
- PNNL developing blueprint for code enforcement in China(DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) The Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory will develop an action plan for building energy code enforcement that can be deployed in small and medium-sized cities across China, where half of the world's new construction will occur in the next 10 years.
- Synthetic biology: Is ethics a showstopper?(Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies) Synthetic biology promises to enable cheap, lifesaving new drugs to treat the 350-500 million people who suffer from malaria and to create innovative biofuels that can help solve the worlds energy problems. But the science and its applications are raising questions.
- Motor neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells provide insight into ALS(Cell Press) Two new research studies use motor neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells to demonstrate that multiple toxic pathways contribute to the devastating degeneration associated with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and that protective therapeutics will need to oppose the disease on multiple fronts. The separate studies, published by Cell Press in the December issue of the journal Cell Stem Cell, also underscore the validity of using human stem cells to both identify new strategies for protecting motor neurons and screen potential therapeutics.
- What's good for the mouse is good for the monkey: Skin cells reprogrammed into stem cells(Cell Press) Scientists have successfully created the first induced pluripotent stem cell lines from adult monkey skin cells. The research, published by Cell Press in the December issue of the journal Cell Stem Cell, demonstrates that the method of direct reprogramming is conserved among species and may be useful for creation of clinically valuable primate models for human diseases.
- The International Society for Stem Cell Research releases new guidelines(Cell Press) Today, the International Society for Stem Cell Research, the world's leading professional organization of stem cell researchers, released new guidelines for the responsible development of safe and effective stem cell therapies for patients. A commentary article that summarizes the Guidelines for the Clinical Translation of Stem Cells will be published by Cell Press in the December issue of Cell Stem Cell, the official affiliated journal of the ISSCR.
- Baker Institute fellow urges new look at government 'Web-tapping'(Rice University) The technology of government surveillance has changed dramatically and the rules governing surveillance should be changed accordingly. Chris Bronk, a fellow in technology, society and public policy at Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy, makes that argument in a paper published in First Monday, a free, openly accessible, peer-reviewed journal devoted to the Internet.
- Carnegie Mellon, U at Buffalo receive $4.7 million to advance public transport for disabled(Carnegie Mellon University) Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, are collaborating on a five-year, $4.7 million effort to advance public transportation for people with disabilities by joining computer science technology and principles of universal design. The grant from the US Department of Education's National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research funds a new Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Accessible Public Transportation.
- Concordia University researcher develops image processing system that detects moods(Concordia University) A Concordia University researcher is developing a computer image processing system that detects and classifies human facial expressions.The aim of this system is to take and analyze photos of individuals, potentially in areas of high traffic where security is a primary concern, such as an airport.
- Forensic science conference to be hosted by the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law at ASU(Arizona State University) The Center for the Study of Law, Science, & Technology at the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law at Arizona State University will host an international conference on April 3-4, 2009, in Tempe, Ariz., on the future of forensic science, with special attention to the highly anticipated report of the US National Academy of Sciences, "Identifying the Needs of the Forensic Sciences Community."
- India terrorism by the numbers(University of Maryland) A long history of terrorism in India precedes the recent coordinated attacks in Mumbai. The Global Terrorism Database (GTD), maintained at the University of Maryland by the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism counts more than 4,100 terrorist attacks in India since 1970. Fatalities number in the thousands. This information is freely available online. The GTD is the most comprehensive and detailed open-source terrorism database available.
- Revised hours and workloads for medical residents needed to prevent(National Academy of Sciences) A new report from the Institute of Medicine proposes revisions to medical residents' duty hours and workloads to decrease the chances of fatigue-related medical errors and to enhance the learning environment for these doctors in training.
- Most US organizations not adapting to climate change(Yale University) Organizations in the United States that are at the highest risk of sustaining damage from climate change are not adapting enough to the dangers posed by rising temperatures, according to a Yale report.
- Carnegie Mellon CyLab survey unveils major gap(Carnegie Mellon University) A recent Carnegie Mellon University CyLab survey of corporate board directors reveals a gap in board and senior executive oversight in managing cyber risks.
- Natural Capital Project to develop conservation software(Stanford University) The Natural Capital Project -- a collaboration of Stanford University's Woods Institute for the Environment, the Nature Conservancy and the World Wildlife Fund -- has been awarded a two-year, $1.97 million grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to develop a software program for mapping and evaluating the economic benefits provided by temperate marine ecosystems.
- Cleanliness can compromise moral judgment(Association for Psychological Science) New research in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, has found that the physical notion of cleanliness significantly reduces the severity of moral judgments, showing that intuition, rather than deliberate reasoning can influence our perception of what is right and wrong.
- Working toward the vision of 'an AIDS-free Africa through an effective vaccine'(Public Library of Science) An article in this week's PLoS Medicine describes the African AIDS Vaccine Program, which was established in 2000.
- Embargoed news from Annals of Internal Medicine(American College of Physicians) Please find two summaries of studies being published in the Dec. 2, 2008 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine. The information is not intended to substitute for articles as sources of information. Information in press materials is copyrighted. Please note that Annals of Internal Medicine attribution is required for all coverage .
- news temporarily unavailable
Summaries of this week's top stories, from Science Magazine
- [NEWS] TAINTED MILK SCANDAL: Chinese Probe Unmasks High-Tech Adulteration With MelamineA weeks-long investigation into China's tainted milk scandal has left scientists astonished by the technical sophistication of those who used melamine to adulterate food products.
Authors: Hao Xin, Richard Stone
- [NEWS] FRANCE: Will French Science Swallow Zerhouni's Strong Medicine?In a surprisingly blunt report released on 13 November, a high-wattage international committee, led by former U.S. National Institutes of Health director Elias Zerhouni, proposes a massive overhaul of French life sciences research that would create a single, strong funding agency and likely spell the death of several existing institutes.
Author: Martin Enserink
- [NEWS] ASTRONOMY: Giant Scope Heads Europe's Wish ListEuropean astronomers have asked policymakers to green-light a 42-meter-wide giant telescope that they promise will keep them at the forefront of world astronomy.
Author: Daniel Clery
- [NEWS] HUMAN GENETICS: Interest Rises in DNA Copy Number Variations--Along With QuestionsAt the annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics last week, the hot topic was duplicated or missing blocks of DNA, known as copy number variations--the study of which, like any emerging field, is plagued by uncertainty.
Author: Jennifer Couzin
- [NEWS] SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: Science Goes Hollywood: NAS Links With Entertainment IndustryThe National Academy of Sciences has launched a collaboration called the Science & Entertainment Exchange that it hopes will "be a service to all of Hollywood" by connecting scientific authorities to the people who produce, write, direct, and animate films and TV shows.
Author: Jon Cohen
- [NEWS FOCUS] ECOLOGY: Canada's Experimental LakesIn remote Ontario, a network of lakes is dedicated to bold ecological manipulations. Research there has helped explain algal blooms and acid rain. As the unique outdoor lab turns 40, some wonder whether it is past its prime.
Author: Erik Stokstad
- [NEWS FOCUS] ECOLOGY: Contaminating a Lake to Save OthersOver the past 9 years, some 15 principal investigators from eight institutions have joined forces at a remote experimental station in Canada (see main text) to tease apart how mercury in air pollution cycles through the environment.
Author: Erik Stokstad
- [NEWS FOCUS] PROFILE: ADAM RIESS: A Universe Past the Braking PointA decade after racing to tell the world about "dark energy," an acclaimed astrophysicist pushes to streamline the search for Type Ia supernovae--celestial milestones that may help explain space's ever-accelerating expansion.
Author: Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
- [NEWS FOCUS] CRYPTOGRAPHY: University Hackers Test the Right to Expose Security ConcernsWhen students in the Netherlands picked apart the world's most common smart card system, were they torpedoing its manufacturer or protecting the public's right to know?
Author: Adrian Cho
News Releases from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Linda S. Birnbaum, Ph.D., D.A.B.T., A.T.S., Named New Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesLinda S. Birnbaum, Ph.D., D.A.B.T., A.T.S., Named New Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- New Data Provide Comprehensive Understanding of Americans' Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)New Data Provide Comprehensive Understanding of Americans' Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
- Experimental TB Drug Explodes Bacteria from the Inside OutExperimental TB Drug Explodes Bacteria from the Inside Out
- Variations in Gene Activity Can Predict the Survival of Patients with LymphomaVariations in Gene Activity Can Predict the Survival of Patients with Lymphoma
- Annual Report to the Nation Finds Declines in Cancer Incidence and Death Rates; Special Feature Reveals Wide Variations in Lung Cancer Trends across StatesA new report from the nation's leading cancer organizations shows that, for the first time since the report was first issued in 1998, both incidence and death rates for all cancers combined are decreasing for both men and women, driven largely by declines in some of the most common types of cancer.
- NIH Clinical Center Announces 2008 "Medicine for the Public" Lecture SeriesThe National Institutes of Health Clinical Center will hold its annual Medicine for the Public lecture series November 25 through December 16.
- Study of Ancient and Modern Plagues Finds Common FeaturesThe Plague of Athens is one of 10 historically notable outbreaks described in an article in "The Lancet Infectious Diseases" by authors from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health.
- Study to Examine Early, Inherited Form of Alzheimer'sResearchers are seeking 300 volunteers with a biological parent with a known genetic mutation causing rare and typically early-onset forms of the disorder to join the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Disease Network (DIAN) study, a six-year, $16 million study funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
- ADHD Medications Do Not Cause Genetic Damage in ChildrenIn contrast to recent findings, two of the most common medications used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) do not appear to cause genetic damage in children who take them as prescribed, according to a new study by researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Duke University Medical Center.
- Landmark Study Defines Benefits of Early HIV Testing and Treatment for Infected InfantsTesting very young babies for HIV and giving antiretroviral therapy (ART) immediately to those found infected with the virus dramatically prevents illness and death, according to a report in the "New England Journal of Medicine". These findings come from the "Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral Therapy" (CHER) study, the first Phase III randomized clinical trial to study the best time to begin ART in infants. Launched in South Africa in July 2005, CHER is sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, and the departments of health of the Western Cape and Gauteng in South Africa.
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